In the context of diplomatic ceremonial, countless traditions and rules of behaviour from past times have retained their importance into the 21st century. One example of this can be found in present-day rules of state protocol. Some of these considerations have also survived in private lifestyles, such as “where does everybody sit?” and “who is introduced to whom first?”.

Ceremonial helps diplomacy to achieve its foreign-policy objectives. When diplomatic relations are impeccable and efficient in form, they are likely to be effective in content. This creates positive conditions for the successful maintenance of international contacts.

Europe was the cradle of modern diplomacy, and the rules of protocol that apply in different countries all over the continent are broadly similar. But there is still room for distinctive national characteristics, and – when rules can do no more – for politeness and common sense. Ultimately protocol must serve man, rather than vice versa.

Protocol is not primarily concerned with questions of good manners. It focuses principally on organization and logistics for the most diverse occasions. Forethought, politeness and consummate social skills are vital. Every individual involved must feel that he/she is being properly treated and must know how to conduct him/herself.